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The imaging findings in axSpA may vary depending on the type of disease entities in accordance with the European classification criteria for seronegative spondyloarthropathies (DOI: 10.1002/art.1780341003), encompassing
- Ankylosing spondylitis
- Psoriatic arthritis
- Reactive arthritis
- Arthritis associated with inflammatory bowel disorders (enteropathic arthritis)
- Undifferentiated spondyloarthritis
Additionally, there are atypical forms such as
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Pustulotic arthro-osteitis / SAPHO (Synovitis, acne, pustulosis, hyperostosis, osteitis) / CNO (Chronic non-bacterial osteitis)
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Juvenile spondyloarthritis
However, the features seen in ankylosing spondylitis (AS) often occur in the other forms of axSpA, which has established AS as a prototype. Emphasis has therefore been put on illustrating and explaining the typical changes in AS with a subsequent brief description of the slightly different changes that can be seen in the other SpA forms. A thorough description of clinical, biochemical as well as imaging findings in spondyloarthritis can be obtained in the Handbook elaborated by the ASAS (Assessment of SpondyloArthritis International Society) doi:10.1136/ARD.2008.104018. |
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